Access control is one of the most critical physical security investments a business makes. It determines who can enter your facility, which areas they can access, and when — replacing traditional keys with electronic credentials that can be issued, modified, and revoked instantly. Modern IP-based access control systems go far beyond door locks, providing audit trails, video integration, mobile credentials, and cloud management that give businesses unprecedented visibility and control over their physical security.
What Is Access Control?
Access control is a physical security system that regulates who can enter specific areas of a building or facility, and when. Commercial access control systems consist of: credential readers (card readers, keypads, biometric scanners, or mobile credential readers) at each controlled entry point; electronic locking hardware (electric strikes, magnetic locks, or electrified hardware) that physically secure doors; an access control panel or controller that makes access decisions based on programmed rules; a management software platform (cloud or on-premises) where administrators issue credentials, configure access levels, and review audit logs; and low voltage cabling infrastructure connecting all components. Modern access control systems have replaced traditional key management with scalable, auditable, instantly-modifiable electronic access that provides far superior security and operational efficiency.
Types of Access Control Credentials
Access control credentials are what users present to gain entry. Common types include: Proximity cards (HID, EM4100) — the most widely deployed credential type. Cards or key fobs that communicate with readers via 125 kHz radio frequency. Easy to use but older technology with limited security; Smart cards (MIFARE, DESFire) — encrypted 13.56 MHz credentials that provide significantly higher security than proximity cards. Required for high-security environments; PIN keypads — numeric codes, often used in combination with card credentials (multi-factor); Biometric — fingerprint, iris, or facial recognition. Highest security, no credential to lose or share; Mobile credentials — smartphone-based access via Bluetooth or NFC. Increasingly popular for modern workplaces, eliminates physical card management. NJTECHLAND installs systems supporting all credential types and can advise on the appropriate security level for each application.
IP-Based vs. Traditional Access Control
Access control technology has evolved from traditional panel-based systems to IP-networked architectures: Traditional access control — uses proprietary hardware panels connected via RS-485 serial wiring. Limited scalability, difficult to manage remotely, requires on-site server infrastructure. Still common in legacy installations; IP-based access control — readers and panels communicate over standard Ethernet (Cat6) networks. Enables cloud management, remote administration, real-time alerts, and integration with video surveillance and HR systems. Brands include Genetec, Lenel, Software House, Brivo, Verkada, and others; Cloud-managed access control — a subset of IP-based systems where all configuration and management happens through a browser or mobile app. Zero on-premises server required, subscription-based, easy to scale. Ideal for businesses with multiple locations. NJTECHLAND installs and supports all three architectures — recommending the right approach based on your security requirements, budget, and IT infrastructure.
Access Control Cabling Requirements
Proper low voltage cabling is the foundation of a reliable access control installation. Each controlled door requires: 18 or 22 AWG stranded wire (typically 4 or 6 conductor) for door hardware — electric strikes, magnetic locks, request-to-exit (REX) sensors, and door contacts; Cat6 cabling for IP-based readers and door controllers; a dedicated run from the access control panel to each door (no daisy-chaining in most modern systems); conduit in areas where cable is exposed or subject to damage; proper grounding to prevent interference and surge damage; and coordination with the door hardware and frame for concealed installation. Access control cabling is ideally installed during construction (rough-in) but can be retrofitted in occupied spaces with proper planning. NJTECHLAND's licensed low voltage technicians install access control cabling to NEC and manufacturer specifications.
Access Control Integration: Video, HR, and Building Systems
Modern access control systems integrate with other business systems for enhanced security and operational efficiency: Video surveillance integration — link access events to camera footage, automatically pulling video clips when a door is accessed or an alarm is triggered; HR system integration — automatically provision and de-provision access when employees are hired or terminated; Video intercom — combine video calling with access control for visitor management at main entrances; Elevator control — restrict floor access by credential in multi-tenant or high-security buildings; Alarm system integration — use access control events to arm/disarm security systems; and Building management system (BMS) integration — tie HVAC and lighting to occupancy data from access control. These integrations transform access control from a standalone security system into a platform that enhances both security and operational efficiency.